Knee
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Knee Anatomy Overview
The knee is one of the largest and most complex joints in the body. It acts as a hinge, enabling movements like walking, running, and jumping. The knee also bears the body’s weight, making it essential for stability and mobility.
Bones of the Knee
The knee joint connects three bones: the femur (thighbone), tibia (shinbone), and patella (kneecap). The femur sits on top of the tibia, while the patella protects the front of the knee joint.
Soft Tissues of the Knee
The knee is supported by ligaments and tendons that stabilize and allow smooth movement. Four key ligaments help maintain knee stability:
- Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL): Prevent the tibia from moving too far forward or backward.
- Medial collateral ligament (MCL) and Lateral collateral ligament (LCL): Stabilize the knee from side-to-side movement.
Cartilage, such as the menisci (medial and lateral), cushions the bones and absorbs shock during movement.
Muscles and Tendons
Muscles around the knee, including the quadriceps and hamstrings, control its movement. Tendons, like the patellar tendon, connect muscles to bones, helping the knee extend and bend.
Nerves and Blood Supply
The knee receives signals from the femoral, tibial, and peroneal nerves, which allow movement and sensation. The knee’s blood supply comes from the popliteal artery, ensuring that the joint and surrounding tissues are nourished.
